1-Introduction  

The primary objective of this program is to ensure effective control of Injuries and Losses in construction work. This program outlines the procedures essential for the protection of men, and properties in Construction Work.The construction industry functions in a dynamically changing work environment in which updating of equipment and standards is a continuous process resulting from changes in opening variables, regulatory requirements, and Safety Practices.The Program is designed to assist all those who deal with safety program as a functional responsibility within context of their Job. Good Loss Prevention is an integral part of good Project Management.

It is the responsibility of Management at all levels to enforce the standards of Loss  Prevention within their department or Project. Loss Prevention should be encouraged by example, knowledge, skills, overall attitude, and involvement in the total Safety Program.All site personnel involved in construction activities, whether management or line   employees, need to understand and follow the provisions in this Program.Only with the active commitment of everyone can we ensure that the Company maintains the safest possible work environment.

2- Safety Policy  

The Company  is  committed to prevention of accidents to minimize loss of life or bodily injury to its employees and damage to its physical assets. In fulfilling this commitment, which is as  essential  and equally important as production objectives, the Company will provide and maintain a safe and healthful work environment  and  protect  the  public against  foreseeable  hazard  resulting  from construction period. Loss  in  productivity  and  property  resulting  from  accidental occurrences can be  minimized through good management . Loss Prevention is on aspect of this loss control philosophy and is the direct responsibility of line management. All management  functions,  including business line and associated management ,will comply with Government Laws, Ministerial  Degrees, CLIENT Loss Prevention Policy and Company Safety Requirements applicable to the  construction, operation, maintenance of facilities and equipment.Company's firm commitment to the health and safety  of all employees as well  as  Loss Control aspects is to be effected by vigilant management  applying  professional  safety standard at all Construction Sites.

3- Organization  

3.1 - Field Safety Organization

The purpose of a field safety organization is to assist management in developing and operating a Safety Program designed to protect workers, prevent and control accidents and increase effectiveness of operations. The enclosed illustrates field safety organizational component of a hazard and loss control program.

 3.2 - Safety Committee

Safety Committee can be invaluable to the hazard control program by providing the active participation and cooperation of many key people in the organization.Safety committee is a group that aids and advises both management and employees on matters of safety and health pertaining to construction operations. 

3.3       Safety Committee Activity 

 Actively participating in safety and health instruction programs and evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

 Regularly inspecting the facility to detect unsafe conditions and practices and hazardous materials and environmental factors.

Planning improvements to existing safety and health rules, procedures, and      regulations.

Recommending suitable hazard elimination or reduction measures.

 Periodically reviewing and updating existing work practices and hazard controls.

 Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of safety and health recommendations and improvements.

 Compiling and distributing safety and health and hazard communications to the employees.

Authorize necessary expenditures for safety and develop workers safe attitudes.

 

4- Responsibilities for Safety  

4.1       Project Manager (PM)

            PM will review, endorse and ensure development and administration of effective safety program by their respective managers; review safety performances including formal  reviews or policy compliance ; conduct periodic inspections of facilities, and  construction sites, operation ; and provide the required the required direction in support of approved safety programs.

4.2       Site Manager (SM) 

       PM  will  delegate  him  to  enforce  construction Safety procedure of CLIENT and  Company safety program and to operate  the  Safety  committee. 

            His main responsibilities are to; 

            - Report to PM  

            - Have full Responsibility for safety 

            - Form and administer safe construction committee to evaluate and recommend ways    and means to improve the effectiveness of safety program. 

            - Hold executive Responsibility for safety of all employees. 

            - Authorize necessary expenditures for safety. 

            - Ensure that all supervisors are qualified and that they receive adequate and    appropriate training. 

            - Determine the following at the planning stage; 

                        The most appropriate order and method of performing the job

                        Storage areas, access, etc.

                        Facilities for welfare, first aid and sanitation

                        Basic precaution for dealing with fire hazards 

            - Provide written instructions to establish work methods, explain the sequence of           operation, outline potential hazards at each stage, and indicate precautions. 

            - Create safety awareness by promoting safety meetings, presentations, and open discussions and by implementing safe training. 

            - Set a personal example on site by wearing appropriate protective clothing and             equipment at all times. 

4.3       Superintendents 

            Superintendent will familiarize with construction safety policy and procedures of            Safety Policy and program. 

            They will actively administer their department safety programs ; provide supervision    and training required to ensure safe practice by employees ; and conduct periodic      inspection of their construction site, equipments and work areas to detect and correct   hazardous conditions and unsafe acts. 

            -Organize site so that work is carried out to the required standard with minimum risk    to men, equipments and material. 

            - Give precise instructions on responsibilities for correct work methods. 

            - Create safety awareness by promoting safety meetings and talks and by encouraging             safety training. 

4.4       Supervisors 

            Supervisors on site will familiarize with construction Safety Program. 

They will actively supervise safety of their workers; conduct daily inspection of their   construction site, equipments, and work area to detect and correct hazardous conditions and unsafe acts. 

            - Provide adequate personnel protective equipment. 

            - Plan and provide for good housekeeping. 

            - Check that equipment and tools, both power and hand tools are maintained in good     condition. 

            - Position equipment effectively and ensure that electricity supply is installed, used and            maintained correctly. 

            - Be familiar with work permit system. 

- Make sure that all men know how to obtain and administer first aid properly and        efficiently to all  injured persons.  They should also know how to  summon assistance

In case of emergency and nominate others to act in your absence. 

            - Ensure that verbal instructions are fully understood and check back to see that they               are carried out as intended.

            - Conduct weekly safety meeting with the foremen and their crew once a week. 

            - Cooperate with Safety Manager by action on his recommendation. 

            - Set a personnel example on site by wearing appropriate protective clothing and           equipment at all times. 

4.5       Safety Manager 

            The safety manager reports directly to Site Manager. 

He is responsible for the establishment of an effective safety program, which is based   upon safety policy, meets the contractual requirements and the safety control procedures.

            His principal responsibilities encompass the following functions; 

            - Advise the Site Manager; 

                        Policy on safety matters, counsel management on development of program. 

                        Preventing injury to personnel, damage to plant and equipment, and fires 

                        Way to improve existing work methods. 

                        Legal and contractual requirements affecting safety, health and welfare 

                        Provision and use of protective clothing and equipment 

Suitability from a safety view point, of new or hired equipment and fire precaution required. 

- Determine the cause of any accident or dangerous occurrence and recommend  means of preventing recurrence. 

            - Supervise and keep the recording and analysis of information on injuries, damages     and production loss. Assess accident trends and review overall safety performances.

            - Assist with training employees at all levels. 

- Keep up-to-date with recommended codes of practice and safety literature.  Circulate information applicable to each level of employees. 

            - Coordinate safety activities and conduct activities for stimulating and maintaining  interest of employees. 

- Develop employee safety training program. 

            - Inspect work site daily and report and correct unsafe acts and conditions. 

            - Keep a record of weekly safety meeting on site with subject and attendance. 

            - Set a personal example. 

4.6       Crafts Foremen 

            - Be familiar with Safety Program applicable to the work on which subordinate               workers are engaged.

            - Incorporate safety procedures in routine tasks and see that they are obeyed. 

            - Conduct tool box talks with crew member prior to daily work starts. 

            - Conduct daily work site inspections to identify and correct any existing unsafe             conditions. 

            - Correct unsafe acts, such as horseplay or the taking unnecessary risks. 

            - Ensure that new employees are properly instructed in precaution to be taken before they are allowed to start work. 

            - Commend men who, by action or initiative, eliminate hazards. 

            - Report accidents, unsafe conditions and defects in equipment to immediate superiors 

            - Set a personal example. 

4.7       Workers 

            - Participate in the safety program. 

- Use the correct tools and equipment for the job.  Use Protective clothing and     equipment provided. 

             - Do nothing to endanger self or work mates. 

            - Keep tools in good condition. 

            - Refrain from horseplay and abuse of safety devices, equipment and welfare facilities. 

            - Report any accidents, near misses or hazardous condition to immediate supervisor. 

            - Read the safety rules and take note of special precautions in restricted areas. 

            - Obey all posted warning signs. 

5- Reporting Requirement  

5          REPORTING REQUIREMENT 

Company is responsible for reporting accidents to CLIENT. This section covers these reporting 

requirements and principles behind accident investigation and analysis.

5.1       Report required by CLIENT 

            Company shall ensure that an immediate verbal report is made to the CLIENT within               2 hours in the case of all ; 

                        - Fatal injuries.

                        - Injuries requiring medical attention which result in lost time.

                        - Damage over to plant or equipment.

                        - Damage, in any amount, to CLIENT equipment or property.

                        - Fires.

                        - Damage and near misses to cranes and heavy equipment. 

Preliminary Report will be followed within 2 day, and full investigation report shall be submitted within 6 days to CLIENT.

A written report, in case of serious accidents, however, a detailed accounts of the   circumstances, witnesses statement and descriptive photographs shall be attached.

5.2       Accident Investigation

The point of an accident investigation is to prevent recurrence of similar accidents ; to              determine causation factors rather than to find faults. 

   The main reasons for conducting an accident investigation are ; To find the cause so that similar accidents may be prevented ;To determine the point at which "unplanned" events took over from the "planned" sequence of events ;To recommend what corrective action should be taken ;

5.2.1    Responsibilities for Investigation 

            - Supervisor/Safety representative 

The supervisor/engineer and/or safety officer shall carry out an immediate investigation of any accident which occurs within his area of supervision 

            - Site Manager 

The construction manager shall review all accident reports to ensure that all the   necessary corrective action has been taken and that he has addressed any items that may require action on his part. 

5.2       Cases to be Investigated 

Incidents that result in property damage or serious injuries to personnel and hospitalization of one or more employees and high severity potential must be fully   investigated and reported.  The near-miss incident is equally important from the point of view of prevention and should also be thoroughly investigated.

6- Safety Induction and Training  

6.1       Induction Training 

New employees and new entrants to construction site are more susceptible to accidents.   Company will conduct a safety induction briefing for all new employees to the project   prior to the commencement of their duties.The site shall arrange the course of induction training and shall give program covering health and safety, familiarization with the site and industrial relations. All new employee will be required to attend the safety induction course prior to receiving an entry badges for authorization to enter the project construction site.Induction training will be conducted by safety manager. The new employee should not be placed in a position of responsibility or given controlof equipment or materials until the induction course has been completed. Whilst attendance at induction sessions are mandatory, it does not excuse or exempt   anybody from complying with training required. These induction sessions shall normally be carried out at the start of each working week. Employee arriving to commence work on any other day shall be subject to possible restrictions on site until they under go full induction.The induction program will cover the following points ; 

                        Organizations

                        Scaffolding and Housekeeping

                        Emergency Procedures

                        Hazards and Accidents Reporting

                        Tool Box Talks

                        Security Procedures

                        Lifting Equipment

                        Employee's Duties 

6.2       Tool Box Talks 

Every morning 10 minutes meeting shall be conducted by foremen to discuss andemphasize safety and health procedures.Where any work permit is obtained by a supervisor he will, before commencing any work approved by that permit, hold a Tool Box Talks to ensure that personnel involved are fully aware of all limitations and restrictions, safety requirements ; and job execution details.

7- Safety Information  

8- Personal Protective Equipments  

9-Good Housekeeping  

 - Scrap materials and rubbish are fire and accident hazards.  If an excess of these materials exists in  working area, ask supervisor to arrange for their removal.

            - Use the trash barrels which are located throughout the job-site.

             - Return all surplus materials to the stockpile at the completion of daily job.

 - Do not leave tools to the work place at the completion of daily job.  Return them to the tool room.

            - Place oily rags in adequate metal containers. 

- Wipe up spilled liquids immediately. 

- Keep the job site clean.  Do not let soiled clothes, food scrapes, and soft drink bottlesaccumulate.  If drinking cups are used, deposit them in the containers provided.  Also place food wrappers, paper bags, and other trash in these containers.

          - Cleaning is a daily job.  Do not accumulate trash and rubbish. 

- Toilets are provided for convenience. Please help to keep them clean.  Report any      problems to supervisor.

- Keep working area free from unnecessary obstructions, tools, materials, equipment so that they do not cause hazards.

- The layout of materials storage areas, site offices, parking areas, stores and etc. shall be planned in advance so as to afford safe access to the site for pedestrians, vehicles, and equipment.

            - Smoking will be permitted at only designated area. 

             Small tools, nuts, bolts and fitting shall be kept in suitable containers. 

- To prevent tripping hazards, electricity cables and welding hoses shall be placed out of walkways.

- Timbers with protruding nails shall not be permitted anywhere on job site where it would be caused a hazards.

10- Emergency Procedures

- Action to be taken: In an emergency, or on hearing the alarm, every supervisor shall ensure the following :

 

                        All work is stopped at once.

                        All equipment is shut down (all sources of ignition)

                        All men are evacuated to a pre-determined assembly point.

                        A roll call is taken and every man is accounted for.

                        No one is permitted to return to work until notification has been received that

                        it is safe to do so. 

-       Assembly Points: Safety Manager shall inform personnel as to the locations of specific points and evacuation routes from all areas of work. In determining evacuation routes and locations of assembly points, wind directions and neighboring plants will be considered.

- Help in Emergency: When transmitting a message by telephone, radio, or messenger, ensure that you clearly identify yourself by giving ; 

                        Exact location

                        Nature of emergency

                        Service required and repeat the message

                        Your name

11- First aid and medical service  

            Company will provide and maintain first aid facility in Site Office for our employees. 

            The first aid facility shall be kept in a sanitary condition at all tines.

            First aid supplies shall be kept readily available in a cabinet designated for thosesupplies only.

The cabinet shall be placed under the charge of safety personnel, who ensure thecabinet is well stocked at all times.

 

 

12- Fire Prevention  

            Access to all available firefighting equipment shall be maintained at all times. 

All firefighting equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained in operating   condition.  Defective equipment shall be immediately replaced.Company shall provide a trained and equipped firefighting organization to assure adequate   protection of life.A temporary or permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration, and pressure,   required to properly operated the firefighting shall be made available.A fire extinguisher, rate 2A, shall be provided for each 3,000 square feet of theprojected building area. 

12.2     Fire Suppression 

Electrical wiring and equipment for light, heat, or power purposes shall be installed in   compliance with the requirements of the NEC, NFPA.Internal combustion engine powered equipment shall be so located that the exhausts are well away from combustible materials.Smoking shall be prohibited at or in the vicinity of operation which constitutes a fire hazard, and shall be conspicuously posted "No Smoking or Open Flame."Potable battery powered lighting equipment, used in connection with the flood light shall be of the type approved for the hazardous location.Indoor storage shall not be obstructed, or adversely affect, means of exit.  All materials indoor storage shall be stored, handled, and piled with due regard to their fire characteristics.Clearance shall be maintained around lights and heating units to prevent ignition of combustible materials.Flammable or combustible liquids shall not be stored in areas used for exits, stairways,or normally used for safe passage of workers.Quantities of flammable and combustible liquid in excess of 25 gallons shall be stored in acceptable cabinet.Not more than 60 gallons of flammable or 120 gallons of combustible liquids shall be   stored in any one storage cabinet. Not more than three such cabinets may be stored in an inside storage room.Inside storage rooms shall be constructed to meet the required fire resistive rating fortheir use.Travel distance from any point of the protected area to the nearest fire extinguisher shall not exceed 100 feet.One 55 gallon open drum of water with two fire pails may be substitute for a fireextinguisher having a 2A rating.A fire extinguisher, rated 10B, shall be provided within 50 feet, wherever more than 5gallons of flammable or combustible gas are being used on the jobsite.A fire extinguisher, rated 2A, shall be provided to where there are fire works proceeding.Flammable storage areas must be securely locked or fenced, posted with a warning sign "Danger; Flammable Area" and must be located at least 15 meters away from the nearest building or storage area for combustible.  No other materials should be stored with flammable liquids.Flammable gases in cylinders shall be stored segregated from other materials,preferably under an open, well-ventilated sun shade.A portable fire extinguisher, having a rating of 20B units, shall be located outside of thedoor opening into any room used for storage of more than 60 gallon of flammable orcombustible liquids.A portable fire extinguisher, having a rating of 20B units, shall be located not less than 25 feet, nor more than storage areas located outside.

12.3     Reporting a Fire 

Every fire should be reported to CLIENT.  The emergency telephone number used forreporting a fire or any emergency will be established.Company shall ensure that this number is posted at all telephone and conspicuous area,   and that instructions are placed indicating how to report the emergency correctly. 

12.4     End-of-Shift Checks

A routine inspection shall be made at the end of the working day to see that everythingis left in a safe condition.  The following itemized checklist shall be followed;

            - Clean up and removal of rubbish and waste materials. 

 - Switch off electrical equipment at the mains.  Separate circuits should be provided       for security lights and other equipment that has to be left turned on.

- Cover valuable equipment to protect it against dirt, rain and against the effects of       water that might be used in an emergency.

- Make a special check of smoking areas, hot equipment, welding areas, etc. to be        sure there is no possibility of delayed ignition resulting in a fire.

 

13- Job Site Safety Inspections 

13.1     Safety Manager Inspection 

Maintain daily site inspection and notify any unsafe acts or conditions to the responsible supervisor or superintendent.  He will record the findings and the report will show the appropriate actions taken to control substandard conditions and practices. He will use the daily job site inspection report 

13.2     Site Superintendents/Supervisors Inspection. 

Superintendents/Supervisors shall conduct a daily tour of inspection of area under their control, and for recording and remedying deficiencies identified during the tour of inspections.Superintendents/Supervisors are responsible for action corrections recommended by the Safety management inspections.Superintendents/Supervisors are responsible to make sure that a comprehensive list of all equipment, materials, and areas under their supervision, and make sure that a list of all mobile and materials handling equipment is ready prepared, pre-use inspection forms are used before mobile and materials handling equipment is operated. 

13.3     Safety Walkabout 

Site Manager accompanied with the superintendents and safety officers shall   conduct a joint patrol job site tour periodically, weekly is preferable, throughout   construction site.  The deficiencies findings shall be recorded and prompt corrective actions should be taken by subcontractors. 

13.4     Routine Inspections 

All operators must check their equipment before starting work.  They should carry out a thorough visual check. On completion of the check they must report the deficiencies to their immediate supervisor.At the start of his work period the supervisors must inspect the area for which he isresponsible.  He should conduct a thorough visual check of all tools, equipment andsite.On completion of the inspection the defects must be corrected immediately. 

13.5     Job-Site Safety Audit

Company will organize job-site safety audit system and conduct safety audit periodically   throughout job site.Safety Manager shall designate auditing teams, such as person's name, date and time of audit etc., by various discipline to conduct monthly safety audit and the result of audit shall be submitted to Safety Department by each team.Any findings such as deficiencies, hazardous and unsafe condition potential hazard,worker's unsafe practices etc., shall be clearly described on the safety audit.Safety Department shall summarize the result of audit and notified any findings toconcerned Department to make corrective action to be taken.The result of safety audit shall be assessed by Safety Committee and will be used forfurther reference to incentive award program.

14- Transportation  

- Company must employ only qualified personnel as drivers of motor vehicles.  Motorized   of motor vehicles.  Motorized vehicle shall be operated only by a licensed or persons who have international driver licenses. 

- All drivers must obey the speed limit within the construction site.  The maximumspeed limit is 20 kph in job site area.

- All vehicles shall be parked at the designated area except vehicles in use forconstruction work 

- Motor vehicles shall not be parked adjacent to fire hydrants, fire fighting equipment,building exist, walkways, etc.  In principle, all private cars shall be forbidden from the construction area. 

- It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that his vehicle is safe to operate. 

- The parking brake must be set whenever the vehicle is parked. Vehicles parked on   an inclination must have the wheels chocked. 

- The driver is responsible for transporting materials properly and ensuring that a load   does not exceed the manufacturer's design load capacity. All load must be properly secured and tied down. 

- Materials should not extend over the sides of the truck.  Loads extending beyond the front or rear shall be marked with a Red Flag. 

- Passengers shall not be transported in the rear of pickups or on truck beds, unlessadequate seats provided. 

- All drivers shall be familiar with local traffic regulation, and they must not exceed the posted speed limit. 

- Every driver is expected to reduce his vehicles speed under hazardous weather or road conditions. 

- No mobile Heavy Equipment with an obstructed view shall be backed up unless it is equipped with an operating back-up alarm signal that is audible above the surrounding noise or when an observer signals that it is safe to do so.

- No gasoline or diesel engine shall be fueled while it is running. 

- There shall be no smoking or open flames within twenty-five feet of fuel storage tanks, fuel pumps or refueling operations.

- A face shield is required while handling or recharging batteries using jumper cables.

 - Vehicles without sticker that issued for the purpose of traffic control and security,       and placed it on the front window will not be allowed to enter the construction site.

 

14.2     Enforcement of Safe Driving Practices 

  Company issues "Unsafe Driving Practice Warning" notices. Drivers who commit

   Traffic offence and violation of job site speed limit are given warning notices.Repeat offenders may receive disciplinary action or require to removal from site. All drivers required to abide by all traffic regulations, and the warning signs, notices posted in and around job site.

15- Safety Recognition

a.Accident-Free Campaign Awards to Employees

(man-hour milestone celebration)

                        b. Good Safety Performance Awards for Individual

                        c. Safety workers of the month

                        d. Safety Supervisor of the month

                        e. Safety Foreman of the month 

The program is one of interest-getting techniques to encourage safe work practices andimplement the safety program.

16-  Work Permit System  

                        - Definition of a restricted area

                        - Types of permits used

                        - Authorized signatories

- Definition of cold/hot work activities, and confined space entry, release of hazardous liquids or gases

                        - Gas testing requirements

                        - Supervision of work

                        - Job completion procedures 

The authorized receiver (authorized craft foreman) must request a work permit from a certified issuer before doing any work in a restricted area.The receiver of the work permit must keep the permit posted at the job location The receiver of a work permit must keep a copy in his possession or within view of the job site for duration of the job, so that is may be presented upon request.If the receiver leaves the job site, he shall give the permit to a responsible senior crew member to keep until he returns.When the job is completed or at the end of the shift, each work permit must be closed out by both issuer and receiver.

17- Excavations, Trenching and Shoring  

In order to begin excavation work with minimum risk to men, plant and equipment and to enable the work to proceed without interruption, the following factors must beconsidered well before the job starts ; 

                        - Size and purpose of the excavation

                        - Nature of the ground including the proximity of made-up ground

                        - Stability of adjacent structures

- Position of underground obstructions such as pipes, electric cables, and other utilities

                        - Weather and soil moisture conditions, especially high water table

                        - Sources of soil vibrations (highway traffic, railroads, machinery, etc.)

                        - Adjacent roads and footpaths

                        - Method of excavation 

Consideration of these factors will indicate the safety measures which must beimplemented to proceed with the job and whether the sides of the excavation can besloped and benched to a safe angle or whether other protective systems will be required.It is important to provide adequate and suitable protective systems for use whenever excavation work is to be carried out to a depth of 1.5 meters or more. Excavation work to a depth of less than 1.5 meters may also require protective systems.In any place where the presence of underground/utility obstructions is known orsuspected, work permit must be obtained before excavation work is started.

17.2     Underground Obstructions 

Whenever the presence of underground pipes, cables, tanks or structures is known orsuspected, mechanical excavations shall not be used until all such obstructions have been exposed by hand digging.Mechanical excavators shall not be used within 3 meters of any such obstruction.Pneumatic breakers shall only be used where necessary to break concrete or other hard surfaces. 

17.3     General Precautions

17.3.1  Shoring Protective Systems

As soon as an excavation reaches a depth of 1.2 meters or soil banks are greaterthan 1.5 meters, suitable shoring shall be installed or the sides sloped back to a safe angle. Shoring may be of timber or any other suitable materials, such assteel sheet piling.The determination of the angle of slopes, benches, or the choice and design of   other protective systems shall be based on evaluation of pertinent factors such as type of soil, depth of cut; possible variations in water content of the material while the excavation is open; anticipated changes in materials from exposure to air, sun, or water; loading imposed by structures, equipment, overlying material or stored material; and vibrations from equipment, blasting, traffic or other sources.Excavation shall not be sloped at an angle greater than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical(34' measured from the horizontal).

17.3.2  Personnel Protection

Portable trench boxes or sliding trench shields may be used for the protection ofpersonnel in lieu of a shoring system or sloping. Where such trench boxes areused, the design shall be approved.

Trench boxes shall be designed, constructed and maintained to provide protection equal to or greater than the sheeting or shoring required. Shields shall be installed in a manner to restrict lateral or other movement of the shield and be capable of withstanding any sudden application of lateral loads.Shields shall be extended above the excavation to protect employees working   inside the shields and when entering or exiting the areas protected by shields.Employees shall not be allowed inside the shielded areas whenever shields arebeing installed, removed or moved.

17.3.3  Inspection 

All parts of an excavation, including the shoring, shall be inspected every day by civil supervisor to ensure that there is no danger of collapse and if any unsafe condition are found, it must be corrected immediately. 

17.3.4  Clearance 

In order to provide a safe footing at the edge, and to prevent spoil falling into an excavation, a clear space at least 0.6 meter(2 feet) wide shall be maintained on all sides. 

17.3.5  Mechanical Excavator

Men shall not be permitted to work underneath loads or in places where they     could be struck by any part of a mechanical excavator. 

17.3.6  Walkways

Where employees, equipment or members of the public are required to cross over an excavation, a close planked bridge or walkway with standard guard rails shall be provided and kept clear of excavated materials or other tripping hazards. No sidewalk shall be undermined unless properly shored.

 

17.4 Access and Egress 

Safe means of getting into and out of an excavation shall be provided at intervals not   exceeding 7.5 meters (25 feet). Ladders shall be placed at an angle of 75', and extend at least 0.9 meter above the stepping-off point. Ladders shall be securely fixed. 

17.5     Hazardous Atmospheres and Materials 

Where there is reason to suspect oxygen deficiency or the presence of a hazardous atmosphere in a excavation, gas test must be carried out by a qualified person.  Where necessary, mechanical ventilation shall be used, or other appropriate precautions shall be taken before man enter. 

17.6     Edge Protection, Markers and Fixed Lighting Whenever it is necessary to place or operate power shovels, trucks, derricks, materials, soil banks or other heavy objects on a level above and near an excavation, the side of the excavation. If men or vehicles are in the vicinity after dark, fixed warning lights shall be used to mark the limits of the work. 

17.7     Roads, Streets, and Sidewalks

Excavation work in roads, streets, and sidewalks shall not be undertaken without the prior approval of the relevant authorities. Excavation work on public highways will have to be cleared in advance and any special measures that they might specify must be   implemented. 

17.8     Backfilling 

Backfilling and removal of trench supports shall be accomplished first by backfilling up to a level allowing for the removal of the lower braces. Another layer of backfilling shall be positioned in the trench to the next layer of braces to be remove. Removal of trench supports shall progress together with the backfill from the bottom of the trench.In unstable soil, ropes shall be used to pull out the jacks or braces from above after     employees have cleared the trench. All excavations shall be backfilled and consolidated,   and the surface shall be left in good condition as soon as practicable.

 

18- ASBESTOS AND OTHER FIBERS  

18.1     Health Risk

Breathing asbestos dust over a period of time can cause asbestosis(scarring of the lung), which may be undetected for years after exposure. All forms of asbestos are capable of causing asbestosis.

The maximum allowable concentration of airborne asbestos dust shall not exceed 0.2asbestos fibers longer than five microns in length per cc of air on a time-weighted average(TWA) exposure for an eight hour work day. 

18.2     Handling and Use 

- Wetting/ventilation The handling, mixing, applying, removing, cutting and spraying of asbestos         materials shall be done in a wet state so as to prevent the emission of harmful fibers in excess of allowable concentrations.

Before removing asbestos cement mortar, coating, grouping, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos from bags, cartons, or shipping containers ; the material shall be wetted or enclosed, or the operation shall be carried out under total exhaust ventilation.

- Cutting Shearing or punching shall be used in preference to sawing or drilling of asbestos.         Where it is necessary to cut or saw materials containing asbestos using hand or        power tools, it shall be done in a separate cordoned off area with an approved          exhaust and dust collection system.

            - Protective equipment and clothing 

Protective equipment and clothing shall be required for all instances where asbestos     is used regardless of ventilation, wetting, etc.

18.3     Respiratory Equipment 

            Where there is an unavoidable emission of asbestos dust, Company shall supply a respirator. 

18.4     Washing and Changing facilities 

Showering/washing, and changing accommodations for all employees engaged in asbestos work shall be provided. 

18.5     Disposal of Waste Asbestos Materials/Clothing 

All waste asbestos materials and disposal clothing shall be disposed in a manner approved. 

18.6     Cleanliness of Work Areas and Equipment 

Employees shall ensure that all machinery, equipment, work areas, and adjacent            areas are kept free from asbestos dust and waste after work has been done.

19- WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING  

Warning: Regulated Acetylene pressures must never be allowed to exceed 103 kPa (15 psig) or it may explode. 

- Storage of cylinders Cylinders should be stored in a safe, dry, well-ventilated place prepared and reserved for that purpose.  Flammable substances such as oil and volatile liquids or corrosive substances should not be stored in the same area.Oxygen cylinders and flammable gas cylinders shall be stored separately, at least 6.6 meters (20 feet) apart of separated by a fire proof, 1.6 meters (5 feet) high partition.All storage areas shall have "No Smoking Permitted" signs prominently displayed.All cylinders should be chained or otherwise secured in an upright position.  To prevent rusting, cylinders stored in the open should be protected from ground contact, extremes of weather, or contact with water.Valve caps shall be kept in place when cylinders are not in use. Flammable substances shall not be stored within 50 feet of cylinder storage areas. Cylinders shall be stored out of the direct rays of the sun, in protective enclosuresor sun shelters.Empty and full cylinders must be stored separately with empty cylinders plainly marked as such, to avoid confusion. Empty cylinders should be segregated according to the type of gas they have held.All cylinder storage rooms shall be ventilated sufficiently so that explosive concentrations of gas cannot accumulate. Smoking or any other source of ignition shall be prohibited near storage areas, and appropriately marked "No Smoking"All wiring shall be in conduit and electric switches shall be located outside the room 

- Handling of Cylinders Cylinders should never e lifted by their valves since the valves are not designed to take such stress. When the cylinder is not in use the valve shall be protected with the valve cap.If cylinders are to be lifted by a crane, specially designated bottle holders  with   lifting eyes should be use. Chain and wire rope slings can allow cylinders to slip.Loading and unloading shall take place carefully. Cylinders shall not be dropped, thrown, dragged, used as rollers, or as a support. No damaged or defective cylinder shall be used.  Cylinders, even those marked empty, should be treated as a possible hazard and handled with great care as they still contain some gas.Only soapy water should be used to check for leaks. Presence of a leak is often   indicated by a hissing sound or unusual changes in the torch flame.It is equally dangerous to rest blowpipes, even extinguished ones, on old drums.        "Empty drums? which have contained low flash point liquids are known to have become lethal bombs when a hot welding torch was laid down on them.  Never,ever do it. 

19.2     Electric Arc Welding

The frames of all fixed are welding and cutting machines shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current.            Welding grounds and returns should be securely attached to the work by cable lugs, by clamps in the case of stranded conductors or by bolts for strip conductors. Welding cable insulation needs to be abrasion resistant to withstand normal treatment over rough ground and the wear inflicted by foot and vehicular traffic.Holders should be unplugged when not in use. Splices are not allowed in welding cables. Electrode holders shall be constructed to accommodate all sizes of electrodes and with an ejector for hot, spent stubs.A shield should be fitted between electrode holder and handle to prevent live elements from being touched. 

19.3     Protective Measures 

            1) Keep all doors, covers and panels in place when operating the machine. 

2) Ensure that engine protection push button 'pops out' when the engine is switched off.

           3) Maintain welding and ground cables and connections in good condition. 

4)  Cracked  insulation  is  an  obvious  source of hazard producing shorts to ground eventually leading to increase of conductor resistance.

5) When welding is in progress, the full length of cable must be stretched out on the ground.

          6)  Do not adjust the 'current control' while welding is in progress. 

All combustible material should be removed form the work area. If it cannot be removed, it should be covered with fireproof material. Gas cylinders should be protected from falling sparks.Forced ventilation shall be arranged wherever work is to be carried out in a confined area. Dry chemical fire extinguishers should be kept available while work is in progress. 

19.4     Welding and Cutting ; Tanks, Vessels and Drums

Careful tests should be made to establish that the tank, vessel or drum is free from explosive flammable vapors or substances. The responsible supervisor should make a check before permitting any work to begin.It is essential that past contents of the tank, vessel or drum be identified. If there is any doubt or if the tank is known to have had any kind of flammable or explosive content,it should be cleaned and purged thoroughly prior to welding or cutting. Welding and cutting on drum is strictly controlled and, in most cases, prohibited. 

19.5     Confined Spaces

Air line respirators may be needed for men working inside such places. No gas   cylinders should ever be allowed into such as area. The hoses and equipment used inside must be in excellent condition. 

19.6     Personnel Protection 

- Helmets ,  welding hoods , and goggles are necessary to protect eyes and face against heat and the effect of the intense light emitted by welding operations.

- Goggles are required to protect the eyes of the welder from pieces of flying slag chips during electric are welding. 

- Electric Welding operations must be effectively screened to prevent nearby personnel from being affected by harmful radiation. Screen should be made from fire resistant materials or should be suitably treated with a fire resistant compound.

 - Leather gloves are necessary protection to the hands against heat, sparks, molten   metal and radiation.

21-WORKING PLACES  

LADDERS AND SCAFFOLDING Each supervisor is responsible for ensuring that every man working under his direction or control has a safe working place and safe means of getting to and from every working place. Where work cannot safely be done on the ground or from part of a building or permanent structure, scaffolds, ladders, or other means of support shall be provided and properly maintained. 

21.1     Working Places 

- Falls Where men, tools, or materials could fall 1.8 meters of more, a guardrail and toe boards shall be provided. Should the provision of these safeguards be impracticable,      other means of preventing falls, such as safety belts, etc. shall be used.

- Access and Egress A safe means of getting to and from a working place shall be provided and used. Ladders shall conform to the requirements set out in section 21.2 of this Program.

- Lighting Some working places to be required for proper lighting facilities shall be provided with adequate lighting which shall be properly maintained. 

- Prevention of Falls Permanent decking, parts of a structure, walkways, foot bridges, etc., which men use     in the course of their work or for a permanent or temporary access, shall be provided with a guard rail and toe boards at all edges from which men, tools, or materials could fall 1.8 meters or more. Holes and gaps shall be guarded or securely covered. Stairs shall have all treads properly secured and shall be fitted with handrails throughout their length.

- Ramps Where the slope of a ramp exceeds 1 vertical to 4 horizontal, the ramp shall be fitted   with stepping cleats at 0.3 meter intervals. Handrails shall be provided, if necessary. 

- Falling Material Where there is danger of men being struck by falling material, protective covering shall be erected or No. 18 gauge wire, 1/2 inch mesh or equivalent, shall be securely fixed between the toe board and mid rail to prevent falling objects. 

- Roof Work Where work is done on or from the roof of a building or structure, or where men have to cross, work on, or work from fragile roofs or surfaces, adequate protection in the form of crawling boards, roof ladders, or other suitable covering must be provided to prevent men and materials falling from or through the roof.            Temporary guardrails shall be placed to prevent workers from falling. If roof work is accomplished on pitched roofs with a slope greater than 1:4, worker shall be equipped with safety belts that are securely anchored to the structure. During storms or high winds, workers shall not be working on a roof or scaffold that is exposed to the weather. 

 - Insecure Structures Unstable or weak structures shall be supported by guys, stays, supports, or other fixings where necessary. If work being done is likely to reduce the stability of an          existing structure or building, bracing or other means of support shall be used. 

21.2     Ladders and Stepladders 

The safety of a ladder depends on four important factors; Selection, Condition, Position, and Use. Ladders shall comply with the equivalent codes. The side rails of a ladder shall be equally supported on a firm level surface. Boxes, blocks, barrels, etc. shall not be used as a means of support.  The area at the base of a   ladder must be kept clear.  Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways or scaffolds. Ladders shall be set at an angle of 75 degree to horizontal ground. Side rails must be securely tied off to prevent movement. Before mounting a ladder, personnel shall check their shoes for freedom from grease, oil or mud. Single rung and single cleat ladder should be used by only on man at a time. When ascending or descending personnel shall face the ladder and keep both hands on the ladder Men ascending or descending ladders shall not carry tools and materials in their hands.   Tools may be carried in pockets or on special belts provided there is no risk of injury and movement is not impaired. Materials shall be raised or lowered using a hand line after being securely tied or placed in a basket. Ladders and stepladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times. Joints shall   be tight, all hardware and fittings shall be securely attached, and movable parts shall   operate freely without binding or undue play. Ladders and stepladders must not be painted. 

21.3     Erection and inspection of scaffolding

All scaffold structures shall be erected and inspected weekly by a competent scaffold with approved metal components. Tubes must be free from cracks and surface flaws, laminations, excessive rust, and other defects. 

All fittings (couplers, clamps, etc.) shall be of an approved metal type. They shall be   examined regularly and care must be taken to ensure that moving parts are sound and well lubricated, and that threads are not stripped.

Planks shall be of rough timber, 5 centimeters thick by 23 centimeters wide with soundof good timbers. Planks shall not be painted or treated in any way that would conceal defects. 

Planks shall not be used for shuttering for concrete, shoring for trenches, or as sole plates for scaffolding. Planks shall be inspected for defects, including decay, prior to each use. 

21.4     Mobile Tower Scaffolds 

Wheels or casters, not less than 12.7 CM in diameter, and fitted with brakes which cannot be released accidentally, shall be securely fixed to the bases of the posts by lock   pins or dowels. A mobile tower scaffold shall only be used and moved on surfaces sufficiently firm and level to ensure stability. Temporary foundations or track laid on soft or uneven ground to facilitate the erection and movement of the tower shall be constructed and anchored so that its bearing capacity is not exceeded due to imposed loading from the tower. The rack shall be level and properly secured. A mobile tower scaffold shall be moved only by pushing or pulling at the base.  No men, equipment or materials shall be on the working platform or elsewhere on the structure while it is in motion.  Wheel brakes shall be applied at all time when men are on the stationary mobile tower scaffold. Mobile tower scaffolds, erected and supported on four wheels and with on working platform, may be used up to a maximum height of 12 m. Mobile tower scaffolds departing from these directions shall be specially designed and properly secured. 

21.5     Scaffolds for tanks and vessels

Independent tied scaffold is the most common form of tube and coupler scaffolding and is applied for tanks and vessels scaffolds. Secure tying to the structure is essential for stability. 

Brackets and bracket straps shall be constructed, fixed and erection in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 

The bracket straps shall be welded to the wall of the tank by a certified welder. Prior to welding on any tank, approval is required from CLIENT. 

Brackets shall be inspected prior to each use and damaged or defective brackets shall be removed from service. Brackets shall be vertical and horizontal spacing shall not exceed 2.5m on centers. 

A rigid guardrail system and toe boards shall be securely fixed to the uprights of the   brackets. Alternatively, 3/8 inch diameter wire ropes may be used in place of topsails   providing that they are securely fixed and kept taut by the use of turn buckles. Excessive storage or accumulation of materials or platform units shall not be permitted.

22- HAND TOOLS AND POWER TOOLS 

22.1     Hand Tool 

The quality tools shall be provided for all jobs where hand tools are used. 

Hand tools are regularly cleaned and, where necessary, lightly oiled as a protection against corrosion.

All hand tools shall be regularly inspected before and after use, and before storage. If wear or damage is observed, the tool should be withdrawn from use for repair or disposal. 

The storekeeper maintains a record of all tools issued, repaired, and withdrawn from use. Proper racks and boxes shall be provided for the storage of hand tools.  

Where work takes place on or near electrical operations, only properly insulated and non-conductive tools should be used. Insulation should be checked at regular intervals by a competent electrician.

22.2     Power Tools 

All portable power tools not exceeding 220 volts rating, manufactured of sound materials, and free from defects and properly grounded shall be provided. 

All portable tools shall be stored in clean, dry condition. All tools shall be returned to the storekeeper at the completion of each individual job.

 

22.3     Pneumatic Tools 

Air compressor shall always be under the supervision of a equipment supervisor or foreman. Compressor shall not be permitted to operate in confined space without the provision of adequate exhaust ventilation. 

All compressed air hoses shall be of the correct size to fit the tool being used. Any joint in the hoses shall be made with a proper coupler and secured by safety wire. 

During operation all air tools should be held firmly to present them spinning and jumping. 

            -Jack Hammer and Concrete Breakers 

The tool bit retaining spring shall always be securely in position to prevent the bit from dropping out. The bit must be kept sharp. Ear, eye and foot protection shall be required when working with this type of equipment. 

22.4     Cartridge Operated Tools 

It is essential that these tools be operated only by properly trained personnel who are over 18 years of age. It shall be ensure that each man required to operate such a tool will undergo a thorough training period and be certified by the tool vendor. Safe and secure storage for cartridges and tools must be provided on the job site.Cartridges and tools must not be stored together. Warning to be posted where cartridges are stored ; "Danger - No Smoking, Cartridge Storage". 

Ventilation must be provided in the store. All empty cartons, and intermediate packing,   must be removed at once. Tools must be stored in their carrying cases. Only authorized personnel must be allowed access to the store. 

No person may operate, clean, maintain, or repair any cartridge tool without possessing a certificate of competency, issued by an accredited tool vendor or manufacturer's representative, which identifies the particular model that the person is qualified to handle. 

Eye protection shall be worn by the operator and his assistant whenever using the tools.  Goggles must be of a satisfactory standard designed to withstand high speed impacts   and/or, penetrations. 

Storekeeper ensure that a full register of the serial numbers of each tools is made and kept up to date. A log inventory system of issuing and returning cartridges and tools against signatures must be initiated and maintained. Only personnel in possession of a user certificate will be allowed to withdraw tools or cartridges from the store.

Cartridges and tools must not be left on the job site at lunch break or at end of shift but must be returned to the store for safekeeping. Any loss, either of tools or cartridges, must be reported at once to issuer, or supervisor. 

No person may operate, clean, maintain or repair any cartridge tool without possessing a certificate of competency which identifies the particular model that person is qualified to handle. The manufacturer's operating instructions must be followed at all times. 

Before any repair/maintenance work is carried out, check to make sure that the tool is Not Loaded with cartridge. Only person with possession of certificate shall operate, clean, maintain or repair any cartridge tool. Only manufacturer's authorized spare parts are to be used for repair/replacement. 

22.5     Electrically Operated Tools 

-Grinding Machine Care should always be taken to ensure that the grinding wheel is free from defect before mounting.

The proper size and type of wheel should be fitted to the tool so that the maximum   permissible running speed of the spindle does not exceed the maximum periphery speed displayed on the grinding wheel All wheels shall be fitted with adequate guards.

 Floor stand and bench mounted abrasive wheels, used for external grinding, shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods) Floor and bench-mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily adjustable. All electrically operated hand tools shall be rated and used at a voltage not exceeding 220 V to ground.

Before any electrical tools is used, a careful check shall be made by the supervisor to ensure that the supply voltage is within the range marked on the information plate on the tool. 

All electrical power hand tools shall be of the double insulated type or properly grounded. Extension cords shall be of the three-wire conductor type.

23- PAINTS AND COATINGS   

In paint system, it is normally the organic solvent vapor that is flammable. All solvents (except of the water based paints) present a fire hazard. 

All electrical lighting and equipment shall be explosion proof when required in areas where solvent vapors are likely to be present.

Solvents and solvent based paints shall not be applied to surfaces exceeding Iran summer ambient temperatures. 

The use and storage of flammable paints and solvents shall be kept to restricted areas and these areas should be suitably marked with the appropriate warning signs.  Flammable liquids and paint should be kept in a special building or in a sun shelter.

Fire extinguishers should be located at the work area. Work areas should be kept as clean as practicably possible. 

23.2     Health Hazards 

The following precautions should minimize health hazards;

a. Identify and seal all toxic and dermatitis materials when not in use.

b. Adequately ventilate all painting areas and respiratory protection where necessary. All workmen spray painting shall wear chemical cartridge respirators or airline hoods depending upon the hazards of the paint. Minimize dust during surface preparation, and dispose of coating residue as per requirements.

c. Wear the appropriate personnel protective equipment for the work being carried out.   Avoid touching any part of the body and wear protective equipment (e.g. gloves,   towage suits, etc.) when handling dermatitis materials.  Personnel involved in   painting shall wash thorough before eating and at the end of the day.

 d. Use ventilation control or respirators when working with paint removers containing toxic solvents.

 

23.3     Surface Preparations

The abrasive blast cleaning operator shall wear an air supplied protective hood for the type of abrasive material being used and any other toxic contaminants that are present. 

Where blast cleaning assistants could be exposed to silica sand dust or toxic contaminants, then self-contained or air supplied breathing apparatus shall be worn by the assistants. Personnel within the range of rebound abrasive contaminant shall wear approved dust-filter respirators for the specific airborne hazards.Ground continuity tests shall be conducted periodically to ensure proper grounding. 

When using chemical cleaners, appropriate eye and body swash facilities shall be available in the immediate area to minimize the effects of chemical burns in the event of accident.The following solvents shall not be used for cleaning purposes due to the very toxic nature ; benzene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

 General Safety in Surface Preparation Instruction and training of operators about correct use of the cleaning agents and equipment are essential. 

Where operators are using equipment such as blast cleaners or power tools, they must have safe footing.  Extra caution should be taken on scaffolding.

Power tools should be properly grounded to prevent electric shock.

All manufacturer's recommendations on protective guards shall be implemented.Fire and explosion hazards always exist when using solvents, especially in confined areas. Adequate ventilation must be provided. 

23.4     Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment is required for the majority of operations that involve   surface preparation or paint application such as, depend on the work being carried out and the location ; 

- Reparable air fed hood and filter

- Dust respirator

- Face shield

                        - Goggles, safety impact

                        - Gloves (leather and fabric)

                        - Gloves, rubber

                        - Ear protection

                        - Hard hats

                        - Safety shoes

 

The spray painting operation should be conducted from the upwind side of the object being coated, whenever practicable. No spray gun should be pointed at anyone or part of the user's body. 

Before using airless spray equipment, all guards recommended by the manufacturer shall be in place and the system shall be good order and correctly grounded to prevent static build-up. 

Prompt professional medical aid shall be available to any person receiving paint injuries. The area around spray painting activity should be enclosed by hardboard fence or equivalent to protect outside personnel from paint over spray. Only good condition, correctly erected scaffolding and ladder shall be used that meets industry requirements or equivalent. 

23.5     General Safety for Paints and Coatings 

- Breathing Air - Before breathing air used for respiration purposes, it must be checked to ensure it meets the quality requirements, and shall be retested every quarter to ensure that air quality remains satisfactory. 

- Personal Protective Equipment - Depending on the work being carried out and its location, appropriate PPE must be worn. Personal protective equipment shall be in good condition. 

- Blast Cleaning - Abrasive blast cleaning equipment and abrasive materials shall be suitable for the work to be carried out; substandard products will be removed from job site. 

- Signs and Barricades - Area where hazardous work is being carried out shall be suitably barricaded to keep personnel out of the hazardous area, or the timing of the work shall be such that only the work crew doing the job is present at site, or a lookout is posted around the site. Warning signs shall be posted in hazardous areas with suitable warning of the potential dangers (i.e. "No Entry, Sand Blasting in Progress") 

- Paints and Solvents - The amount of paints and solvents stored at the site shall be restricted to a day's requirements. Bulk storage of paints and solvents shall be in a designated, well marked safe area away from the work area and protected from the sun's heat. 

- Equipment - Before any equipment is used, operators and assistant shall be trained   on the equipment's use and operation. Also, the equipment shall be in good   condition an order, all safety guards installed.

- Personal Health - Personnel involved with using paints, solvents and cleaning equipment (i.e. sand blasting) shall be in good health. 

- Assistants - No one shall work alone in hazardous areas. An assistant shall always   be available or the "buddy" system used. 

- The spray painting operation should be conducted from the upwind side of the object being coated, whenever practical. No spray gun should be pointed at anyone or part of the user's body. 

- Before using airless spray equipment, all guards recommended by the manufacturer   shall be in place and the system shall be in good order and correctly grounded to   prevent static build-up. 

- Prompt professional medical aid shell be in available to any person receiving paint     injuries. The area around spray painting activity should be enclosed by hardboard   fence or equivalent to protect outside personnel from paint over spray. 

24- DELETED  

25- CRANE AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT 

One competent person shall be placed in charge of the lift with the responsibility of   explaining in detail, the duties of all involved in the lift before the actual lift commences. The outriggers must be fully extended prior to the lift, and the rubber tires must be off the ground. 

There should be only on designated person who is qualified to give crane signal to the operator. The operator should move the hoisting apparatus only on signals from the   signaler, but a stop signal should be obeyed regardless of who gives it. 

25.2     Effect of Wind Speeds on Crane Operations 

When wind velocities are above 32 km/h (20 mph), the rated load and boom lengths shall be reduced according to manufacturer specifications. Wind forces are greater at height by as much as 35% or more. All lifts above ground level, must account for wind force, i.e., side loads, down drafts, etc. as applied to the load and boom. 

25.3     Overhead Power Lines 

The area surrounding every power line that is referred to as the absolute limit of approach. It is strictly forbidden to move any crane boom or load line or load into this   are unless the line has been de-energized or insulated.There are no exceptions. The absolute limit of approach varies according to the   following table :

 

          Line Voltage                 Absolute Limit of Approach

          Up to 250,000 volts                              20 feet(5 meters)

          Over 250,000 volts                               25 feet (7.5 meters) 

26-SLINGS AND LIFTING GEAR (RIGGING)

All lifting appliances and lifting gear must be properly tested, examined and inspected by the Rigging Supervisor. 

Rigging Supervisor is responsible of control the issue and use of lifting gear. He will monitor the conditions of lifting gear by lifting work area patrol. 

The safe working load of rigging appliances is the maximum load which the   appliance should be subjected to ; this load should never be exceeded. 

Before use, all appliance should be subjected to a proof load test by the manufacturer and certified. The safe working load shall be clearly marked on the sling and lifting gear. Riggers shall not use lifting gear unless the safe working load is clearly visible. 

All attached fittings (hooks, rigs, etc.,) shall be as prescribed by the manufacturer.   Hooks, shackles, and eyebolts shall be equal to or exceed the safe working load of   the chain. 

 Damaged slings shall be destroyed if there are : 

- 10 random broken wires in one lay

- 4 broken wires in one strand of a rope lay

- One broken wire at the fitting

- Severe localized abrasion or scraping

- Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage causing distortion

- Evidence of heat damage

- End attachments are cracked, deformed, or excessively worn.

- Bent or opened hooks

- Severe corrosion 

Slings which have been damaged or are defective in any way shall be immediately removed from service, cup up and destroyed. The use of repaired slings is prohibited. The following points must be considered in the storage and handling of slings : 

- Slings will undergo shock loading when a load is suddenly lifted or when the   hoisting is abruptly stopped. This can be caused by the sudden application of the crane brake, the jerking of the load by poor operation, or the sling slipping on the load. A shock load can increase the normal working load by as much as five times its value. 

- As the angle between the legs of a multiple sling increases, the safe working load decreases. The included angle should be no more than 90' and must never exceed 120' under any circumstances. 

- Before storage, chain and wire rope slings should be cleaned, lightly lubricated, and   inspected. Slings must be stored in a location where they are not labile to suffer mechanical damage, away from extremes of heat, cold, and especially dampness. 

Hooks should be fitted with a safety catch on the hook opening, or should be mused with wire and a shackle used or the hook should be designed so that the slings cannot be displaced. Hooks should be regularly inspected for signs of damage. The hook shall be removed form service for the following reasons : 

                        - If there are visible cracks

                        - If it is twisted 10% out of place

                     - If there is a 15% throat opening beyond the manufacturer's specifications   A thorough examination shall be carried out each year by a qualified inspector. 

All spreader bars shall be manufactured, tested and inspected in accordance with   ANSI requirement (ANSI B30.20).Spreader bars shall be permanently identified   with the safe working load, manufacturer's name. Shouldered eyebolts can be used at slight angles, but are unsafe at less than 45 degrees to the horizontal. Safety hoist rights are bolted in place with a calibrated   torque wrench and maintain maximum capacity at all angles. They should be tested by the manufacturer and marked with the safe working load.   The pins are separate but matched parts of the shackles, so care must be taken to use   the correct pin for each shackle. Rebar, mild steel bolts or similar items are not   acceptable replacements for shackle pins. The job of rigger requires thorough training. The man assigned must be well-   acquainted with the capabilities of the crane being used, hand signals, the different   functions of lifting gear, and the various methods of loading. 

27- MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT  

27.1     General Requirements 

If any mechanical equipment is used in restricted area, all enquired work permit must be obtained. 

Maintenance schedule should be established for each piece of equipment and strictly   followed. 

At the start of each shift, the operator must check oil, water, fuel, an hydraulic levels,that all gauges are operating and that the machine is functioning smoothly. Safety   equipment (e.g. guards, limit switches, governors) must be checked daily. 

Where the operator of a mobile machine cannot see the area all around machine, an   attendant must be in a position to direct and assist the operator. Otherwise, mobile   heavy equipment such as remicon trucks, dumpers and dump trucks, excavators, graders, dozers, scrapers, and loaders must be installed back-up alarm audible for a distance of 200 feet.All equipment must be located so that exhaust fumes will not affect workers in the area.

 

28- MATERIAL HANDLING 

Ensure that the layout of storage areas provides for adequate access for necessary   mechanical equipment. Selection of the storage area should be made with due   consideration for drainage and protection from rain. 

Open storage areas should be planned to minimize the reversing and maneuvering of   trucks especially into and out of confined areas. Access way must be wide enough to   allow for the passage of fire trucks. Fire fighting equipment should be located   throughout the area. 

Cribbing timbers, racks, or pallets should be used to ensure that all materials are stored off the ground.  Protection should be provided for materials such as cement, insulation, and other bulk material which could be damaged by moisture. 

All machinery, equipment, and valves should be maintained fully assembled and securely closed. All machined surfaces must be covered and fully protected from exposure to the weather. 

The quantity of material on site at any one time must be restricted to a minimum stock.   Flammable stores shall be kept separated. 

28.2     Site Stores 

For small or valuable materials which cannot be conveniently stored in outside areas, it   is essential that an indoor stores shed, under the control of a responsible persons, be   established on site. 

Adequate fire fighting equipment must be readily available in the area. Material should be stored on shelving or with small item such as nuts and bolts, etc. in bins suitably marked with the contents. 

The safe loads allowed on racks and the maximum stack heights should be established.   All hazardous material, such as paints, fuels, chemicals, etc. should be separated and   stored in an isolated flammable storage area.

Notice warning of the dangers associated with these materials should be posted in the   hazard area. 

28.3     Manual Handling 

Ensure that workers must be trained in the correct methods of manual handling. The   following is the basic principle of manual handling :

- Grip:   A good grip makes maximum use of the palm of the hand, the ball of the thumb, and the base of the fingers. 

            Backs: The back must be kept straight to maintain its most natural and strongest position. This means that the knees and ankles must be bent and the chin kept well into the chest and the body positioned as close to the load as possible so as to act as a counterweight.

            - Feet: The feet should be apart the width of the hips with one foot slightly in front      of the other so that a natural lead off is obtained.

  - Arms: The arms must be kept as close as possible to the body.

In dual lifting, partners should ideally be of approximately the same height and weight   so that the load does not become unevenly distributed. Safety footwear is a must-to   protect the feet; gloves should be worn to protect the hands from laceration or splinters   and to give some protection if the fingers are trapped between the load and the other   surfaces.

29-ELECTRICITY  

All the temporary electrical installation testing and use of temporary electric shall be   conducted under the supervision of consortium electric engineer.

Supervisions are responsible for the temporary electric supply system on a   construction site and the safety measures associated with the standard codes.Damaged or splice cords are not acceptable. 

All installation work must be carried out by qualified, experienced electricians. An   electrical engineer must be made directly responsible for the overall safety of the   installation. Its general usage, maintenance, and any alterations and extensions to the   system should be under his control. Safety can be ensured by regular inspection and   maintenance. 

29.2     Hand Tools and Lighting

All electrically operated tools shall be rated and used at a voltage not exceeding 220V. 

Defective extension lights and electric hand tools shall be repaired or replaced. 

Portable electric tools, extension lights and cords should be inspected each time they are issued and retuned. Frequent random checks should be made after those tools, lights and plugs are being used on site. 

Before any portable tool or extension light is plugged in, the voltage required for the tool or light must be the same as the power source, and the plugs must be checked for   damage. 

All non-current carrying metal parts of any electrical equipment must be properly   grounded. In hazardous areas, explosion-proof light fittings for extension lights must be used. 

Only qualified electricians should be make repairs and carry out maintenance checks.   All extension lights must be fitted with protective guards.

29.3     Work on Live Equipment 

Knowledge of the work involved, personnel protective equipment must be available, and all necessary work permit must be obtained. 

Employees must never work along on live equipment. There must be another electrician standing by. Before starting a job, the exact voltages should be known.  Work platforms and equipment used near energized equipment shall be properly grounded. 

29.4     Overhead and Underground Cables 

High voltage or overhead lines are usually un insulated. Therefore, any kind of metallic   object coming near or in contact with them can cause a hazardous situation. High   voltage can easily are across a considerable distance. 

            Power lines to be: 

a.  Re-routed clear of all construction work or placed underground if possible

b.      Made "Dead", grounded.

c.       Protected by barriers and timber or wire "goal post", so that no part of any mobile crane, earth moving equipment.

d.      Access below the power lines shall be restricted by barriers to where the "goal post" are located.

No mechanical excavations should be started before test trenches have been dug by hand and cable locations established. Unless cables have been laid very deep, heavy vehicles should not be allowed to pass over them. Underground cables, exposed during excavation work should be assumed to be energize and not repositioned or removed until certified to be de-energized. Exposed buried cables in open trenches should be properly supported and the area barricaded.

30-IONIZING RADIATION   

Before operation of radiation equipment, a safety gap of meters from the radiation device is established by the erection of temporary barrier of rope carrying pendants clearly marked "Danger" in English and also bearing the International Radiation Warning symbol. 

The barrier also include one rotating or flashing light beacons and/or siren. Assisting   operation personnel will warn away any approaching persons during exposure. 

All technicians who operate or assist with or handle radiation equipment are carefully   trained and experienced in it's operation, transport, storage etc. 

They must familiar with precautions and procedures to be taken during an emergency   situation such as when a isotope cannot be returned to it's container due to equipment   failure. 

In such case recommended steps would be taken to facilitate isotopes return to container but in the unlikely event this was not possible the area would be placed "Off Limit" and the office of Atomic Energy immediately notified for their emergency team to take action. 

All radiographic technicians. Wear film badges issued by the Ministry of Health.  Such film badges are replaced monthly and monitored by the Ministry of Health. 

It is mandatory for the technician to undergo annual medical examination conducted by the Ministry of Health. In addition, technician carries a personal accumulated radiation counter (pen dosimeter) which can be read at any time to assess total radiation received. 

Safety records, methods, etc are coordinated through the site supervising radiographer and on to the administrative section of NDT contractor. The supervising radiographer is responsible to maintain safety equipment, methods and records. 

Under no circumstances can a loaded gamma projector or transport container be   transferred to any unlicensed party for use, transport, or storage. Under emergency   conditions the AAEC can take jurisdiction over the equipment until such time as the   emergency condition is cleared. 

When an isotope is depleted and is to be replaced, a licensed importer delivers a new   source in its transport container to the operator and transfer the source to the operators projector after having transferred the depleted source out into a transport container. 

Such transfers are made under protected conditions. Usually at the operators radiation   shelter. Depleted source are exported by the importing company back to the country of   origin. 

When in storage the radiation sources must be securely locked in projector or transport container. Projectors and transport containers are kept in a secure strong-box or such which is installed generally within the facilities of the licensed operator Whenever any activity of a radiation device takes place, the local area radiation level is   monitored using a survey meter prior to, during, and after the activity.  Periodic checks of projectors, transport containers etc. are made for any leakage of radiation which may be occurring. 

            - Preparation of Safety Device

The following shall be prepared for measurement of radiation strength or actual disclosure rate and personal accumulated dose of operators/worker. 

a.      Radioactive survey meter with monitor.

b.      Pocket dosimeter.

c.       Film-badge. 

            The following shall be prepared for safe radiographic operation. 

a.      Ropes (yellow color) and rope supporting devices.

b.      Warning sign boards or flags.

c.       Warning lamps.

d.      Collimators. 

            - Radiographic crew and chief operator 

Prior to commencement of the radiographic work, radiographic crews are organized.   Each crew shall consist of at least on (1) chief operator, who is competent enough and   well experienced for the work. 

All of the radiographic work shall be carried out by the designated radiographic crew   under supervision of the chief operator. 

Chief operator shall carefully supervise operating conditions and procedures, to ensure   that adequate precautions are provided to guard the engaged operator/workers and others in the vicinity against radioactive exposure and any other accidents. 

In addition to the above, chief operators duties and responsibilities shall include the   following ; 

            a. Supervision of storing/handling of radiographic equipment and radioactive sources. 

            b. Instructing/leading the engaged operators/workers to maintain safe operation. 

            c. Periodical checks to ensure that equipment with accessories and safety devices are in proper condition. 

            d. Controlling daily operation records and reporting them to designated manager. 

            - Storing of Equipment and Radioactive Sources 

Gamma-ray camera together with radioactive source shall be stored in designated storage pit. 

Radioactive  source  shall  always be positioned inside camera, and never be bared ,   uncaps led or unsealed. 

Camera with radioactive source being stored shall always be plugged in front and rear ends.

Radioactive storage pit shall be of semi-underground construction with padlock device on the door. 

The pit shall be sheltered, and moreover fenced around. The fence made of strong wire   mesh shall provide warning sign markers, which give notice that radioactive source is   stored. 

Disclosed radioactive rate detected at the fence around the pit shall be measured at least once a week, by survey meter or by other and reported to the designated manager. 

- Establishment of Restricted Area Prior to radiography , the restricted area shall be established, where nobody is allowed to access during the exposure. 

Measurements of actual radiation rates on tentative exposure shall be made by survey   meter or by other suitable means.

According to the results of measurements, the extent of restricted area is determined   based on the criterion of thirty(30) mil-grams per week of ICRP Regulation (International Commission of Radiological Protection). 

The established restricted area shall be roped or fenced around with warning boards or flags which mark noticeably, "Radiography". 

- Radiographic Exposure Requirement for Operators. 

All operators/workers engaged in the work shall continuously bear individual film-badge on their person during radiography. 

It shall be confirmed before exposure that the restricted area has been roped or fenced around, and warning sign markers have been provided. 

Before and during the exposure, at least one (1) of the members of the engaged crew shall work as a watchman, to stop anybody approaching and entering the restricted area. 

The operation of radiographic equipment for exposure shall be carry out by chief operator or under supervision of chief operator.After exposure, radioactive source shall be positioned inside camera. 

Collimators, where there is risk of radiation to persons either operators or others the use of collimators must be considered in order to reduce radiation "Scatter" to absolute minimum. As the collimator directs the gamma-ray beam, better film imagine is also obtained. A suitable collimator of lead, depleted uranium or tungsten should be applied. 

            - Personal Dose Control 

Personal dose control for operators/workers engaged in radiography shall be made by   film-badge for monthly accumulative dose measurement, and pocket dosimeter for   intermittent monitoring. 

- Health Examination 

All operators/workers engaged in the work shall be medically examined at least every   six (6) months. 

When personal accumulative dose has exceeded or is anticipated to exceed three   quarters (3/4) of the criterion, the operator/worker shall be medically examined   immediately. 

            - Records 

            The following records shall be prepared, up-dated, and maintained. 

            a. List of operator/s workers engaged in the work.

            b. List of radiographic equipment and accessories.

            c. Lists of safety devices.

            d. Measurement results of disclosed radioactive rate for radioactive source.

            e. Personal dose records for operators/workers.

e.      Health examination records and medical certificates. 

            - Radiation Emergency Notification Procedure 

For implementation in case of prolonged exposure of a radioisotope due to equipment   malfunction, damage or other.

a.      Operator notifies supervisor of incident and location

b.      Supervisor will immediately arrange security assistance to operator for evacuation and maintenance of secured area.

 

31- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES  

Cylinders, whether empty or full, should be stored under cover for protection against the elements. The storage place should be detached from any other building and constructed of non-combustible material. 

The building should be fenced-off and signs should be displayed both." No Smoking -Naked Lights Prohibited Within This Area" 

Natural ventilation points should be positioned at high and low levels. Lighting   fixtures should be of an explosion-proof type. 

31.2     Handling of Cylinders 

Cylinders should not be dropped or allowed to come into violent contact with each other. They should be stored and used in an upright position, thus preventing the liquid passing through the regulator and into the equipment. 

They should not be placed near excavations or any low level areas. They should be   placed on level ground and secured to prevent accidental tipping over. 

Care should be taken that the valve assemblies are not damaged. The main valve should be closed and the valve cap in position when the cylinder is not in use.  Smoking should not be permitted when handling cylinders. 

31.3     Leakages 

Cylinders, valves, connections, hoses, and piping should be regularly inspected for   damage or leakage. 

Small leaks may be confirmed by using soapy water. Leaking cylinder should be   immediately removed to an open space, clear of all buildings and people or any potential source of ignition. 

The cylinder should be placed with the leak uppermost. Supplier should be notified   immediately. 

31.4     Transportation 

Full or empty cylinders which are loaded on vehicles must be placed in an upright   position, be adequately secured to prevent movement, and have valve cap in place. 

The vehicle should have fire fighting and first aid equipment. The vehicle should also   display all the necessary warning notices. 

31.5     Operation 

In permanent or semi-permanent installations, the cylinder should be placed outside the building and the gas piped to appliances inside. The cylinder should be secured in an upright position, away from excavation, pits, and other low lying areas. 

The regulator and other equipment should be connected and a test made to ensure that all joints are gas tight. The regulator capacity should be suitable for the equipment being used.

Before lighting, a check should be made to ensure that there is sufficient ventilation for   their burner and that all combustible materials are removed from the work area.  Once the burner has been lit, it should burn with a shady blue flame with blue-green base cones. Dry chemical fire extinguisher should be readily available at the work area. 

31.6     Action in Case of fire 

When cylinders are exposed to severe fire conditions and are engulfed in flames, no   attempt should be made to extinguish the fire. In such condition, cylinders are likely to   explode immediately. 

The action to be taken in such an instance is to evacuate the area immediately and call the fire station. Cylinders which have been exposed to fire conduits must be adequately cooled with water before any attempt is made to remove them.If cylinders are equipped with automatic relief valves and the fire exposure is severe,   ignited jets of gas from these valves can extend as far as a meters. 

In the case of small fire arising from gas leakage, it is possible to extinguish the fire by   immediately turning off the cylinder valve. The cylinder should be approached from the opposite direction to the source of fire. 

If a fire does not directly involve other cylinders in the vicinity, water hoses played on   those cylinders will prevent increased internal pressure and minimize the risk of   explosion. All cylinders which have been involved in a fire must be returned   immediately to the supplier. 

31.7     First Aid 

If LPG has inhaled, the affected person must be removed from the area, kept warm and rested, and not allowed to move about. If the affected person is not breathing, mouth-to mouth or mouth-to-nose resuscitation should be applied.No attempt should be made to give an unconscious person anything to drink. If the person is breathing, oxygen must be administered by a competent person. If liquid has gone to the eyes, they must be thoroughly washed out with water.  Medical aid must be obtained as soon as possible.

 

32- CHEMICALS 

Hazards to health arise form inhaling, swallowing, or skin contact. For industrial   workers, the most prominent means of entry of a hazardous chemical into the human body is through the respiratory tract by inhalation. 

The next most important means of entry is through skin absorption, The least hazardous pathway is through swallowing the chemical, as this seldom occurs in industry. 

            - Inhalation Pathway Hazard 

Chemicals may be in the form of gases, vapors, dusts, or a mixture of these. The   senses of sight or smell cannot be depended upon to warm of chemical hazard. Some gases are harmful in concentrations which cannot be detected by their odor. 

When handling a volatile liquid, where exhaust ventilation is not available, good   mechanical ventilation must be provided or the work must be done outdoors. In the case of a chemical spill, it may not be possible to control the maximum allowable   concentration. 

Therefore it is necessary to keep the worker from breathing the vapor by limiting the   amount of vapor through careful handling or through the use of local exhaust   ventilation. 

Dust is a common hazard. Whenever dusty material is handled, a respiratory hazard   may exist. Exhaust ventilation, fans, blowers, and proper handling procedures must   be used to keep the dust from entering the worker's breathing zone. If these methods   fail, dust masks must be provided and their use enforced. 

            - Skin Hazard 

Dermatitis resulting from contact with harmful chemicals is a common work injury.   Proper handling methods are the first step in protection. The second step, in the case   of materials which act rapidly on the human body, such as corrosive chemicals is to   provide a physical barrier in the form of goggles, face shield, hoods, gloves, aprons,   suit, etc. 

Third step is to provide eyewash fountains and safety shower, which flush the   material form the eyes or skin. Personnel cleanliness is important. Thorough   washing of the hands and face before meals, daily bathing and a regular change of   clothing will reduce harmful contact with chemicals. 

In industry, swallowing chemicals does not occur frequently. The main precaution is to ensure that employees know that the material is hazardous if swallowed, and that they must wash their hands free of harmful chemicals before smoking, drinking or eating. Never store harmful chemicals in food containers or handle chemicals near food. 

32.2     Emergency treatment 

Persons overcome by harmful gases and vapors must be taken out into the fresh air and, if they have stopped breathing, give artificial respiration; if there is no heartbeat,   commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Call emergency assistance immediately. 

In case of accidental swallowing of chemicals, it is not wise to induce the patient to   vomit. The hospital must be informed of the chemical injury or chemical swallowed and the person should be moved to the hospital immediately for medical treatment.  In the case of caustics or corrosives, drinking a large amount of water, followed by medical treatment. 

For skin hazards, the best treatment is thorough water washing under the emergency   shower of eyewash fountain. Field treatment should only consist of flushing away the   chemical. The patient should then be taken to the hospital. 

32.3     Fire Hazards 

Only the necessary amount of hazardous materials should be brought into the work place, usually not more than one day's supply. Hazardous materials must not be allowed to accumulate, and any extra amounts should be cleared from the work area. 

Slop liquids or trash should be cleared away immediate. All flammable materials should not be stored. Smoking and the use of sparking devices near flammable liquids or finely divided combustible solids must be prohibited. 

Blocking off air to a burning objects is often possible in acid dip tanks or rubbish   containers where a cover can be provided and dropped down on the container to smother the flares. 

The use of fire fighting equipment, such as fire extinguisher or water streams, must be   available in case of all effective fire prevention measures fail to prevent a fire. 

Ordinary sand is a good extinguishing agent for smothering small fire. The proper fire   extinguisher should be at the job site and readily available at all location where a fire   hazard is possible. 

32.4     Transportation, Storage and Disposal 

            - Transportation 

During transportation, hazardous materials must be protected against shock,   accidental mixing with other materials, damage to containers, undue heat from the   sun or there sources, and theft, which could allow the hazardous materials to come   into contact with people who are unaware of the dangers. A vehicle transporting   hazardous chemicals must be suitably labeled. 

            - Storage 

The NFPA fire codes contain recommendations for safe storage of flammable liquids,   compressed gases, and typical highly combustible or explosive solids. Precaution   must be taken to avoid shock, undue heat, or unplanned mixing. There are some   cases where separating walls or specified distance are required. 

            - Containers 

Hazardous materials must be stored in containers that are safe for the transportation   and use of the material. Containers must be labeled with the appropriate hazardous   materials label to indicate the actual contents. 

All safety factors must be observed when transferring material form on container to   another and the receiving container must be labeled to correctly describe the   contents. Empty containers previously used to hold hazardous material must be   washed free of the material of destroyed. 

            - Disposal 

Hazardous/toxic waste is liquid, solid and semi-solid material, which, because of the   quantity involved, the concentration, and/or the biological, physical, chemical of   infectious characteristics, pose a hazard to human health and/or the environment if   it is improperly managed. 

The following are some examples of waste materials which are considered   hazardous/toxic, and are to be disposed.

 

                        a. Waste paints and related products

                        b. Asbestos

                        c. Resins

                        d. Wood preservative products

                        e. Insecticides and pesticides

                        f. Flushing fluids/chemicals

                        g. Compressed gases (acetylene, oxygen, chlorine)

                        h. Flammable/combustible liquids (gasoline, diesel oil)

                        i. Corrosive liquids (acid)

                        j. Cleaning fluids

                        k. Explosives

                        m. Flammable solids

                        n. Poisons and infectious chemicals

                        o. Radioactive materials

                        p. Magnetized materials

                        q  .Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, electrical transformer oil)

 

33- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL    

The handling, treating, and disposal of all site generated wastes, rubbish and materials   intended for disposal shall be disposed in a manner approved by ENGINEER and comply with registration. 

Construction debris and waste materials will not be allowed to accumulate such that it   present and environmental health and/or safety hazard. Construction wastes shall be   transported and disposed to Local Government approved areas in vehicles equipped   to minimize windblown debris. 

Company shall promptly clean up all spillage and waste lost from the transporting   vehicles on route to the disposal. 

33.2     Contaminated Material 

For hazardous, contaminated or radioactive wastes which requires special handling, disposal shall be collected and transported in a manner which minimize environmental, fire and explosion hazard and worker exposure. 

Transporting vehicles shall be properly marked and driver shall carry the appropriate   documents describing the nature of the waste transported and its degree of hazard.   All vehicles and containers shall be designed to prevent the release of transported liquids and solid wastes. 

Driver shall have specialized training related to the handling and disposal of their cargo and carry on board. Such wastes shall be transported and disposed to Local government approved area. 

33.3     Vehicle Dust and Dirt Control 

All vehicles entering or leaving the site carrying loads which constitute a potential dust   or dirt nuisance such as aggregate, sand, gravel, solid or pert, shall be secured so that no material shall leave the vehicle. 

Company shall be responsible for keeping the road/highway adjacent to the site free from mud, dropping or other materials which are due to site operations and safe guard   the Contractor from liability for this. 

Company will ensure that its vehicles entering or leaving the site are free from mud on   the wheels or tracks, and loads are secured. All vehicles shall be properly maintained to minimize exhaust emission. Dust control shall be accomplished by properly wetting   the work area or other approved measures.

33.4     Noise Limitation

All work shall be carried out without unreasonable noise, vibration or disturbance.  For construction related noise, J/V shall use appropriate abatement and mitigation control measures. Appropriate ear protection shall be provided and shall be used all personnel in worksite areas where the noise level exceed 85 db. 

34.SECURITY PROCEDURE

34.1     Responsibility 

Company shall be responsible for providing security to his area.  

34.2     Gate Control and Passes. 

Identification badges shall be issued by CLIENT to each employee who have completed induction training course and requires access into premises. The Barges are to be worn and displayed at all time while employees are in work site. 

Personnel arriving for work without an identification badgers shall not be allowed   on site until a satisfactory explanation is provided and clearance obtained. 

All employee shall enter and leave the site through the designated gates on every   occasion. A gate pass is required for the removal of all tools, materials and equipment   from the premises. 

34.3     Guard Operation 

The guard to the area of material stock and stores shall by provided for 24 hours. 

The guard shall be responsible for conducting perimeter patrol and work site for security, loss, theft and fire watches purposes. 

All incidents or occurrences involving security matters shall be reported immediately to Safety Officer. 

In the event of any incident jeopardizing site security or safety, and beyond the capacity of assigned guard force to immediate control, guards shall report to his superior officer. 

35- FORMS